Bibliography

It is essential when writing assignments to acknowledge the source of the material that you use from other people's work. It is also important that you use a consistent style and format for the presentation of references and bibliographies when writing an essay or report.

The bibliography or alphabetical list of references (at the end of the text) of the Harvard system uses the following format:

1. Author's surname, then initials. (full stop)

2. Year of publication, in brackets. (full stop)

3. Title, underlined or in italics. (full stop)

4. Place of publication: (colon)

5. Publisher. (full stop)

Sort the bibliography in alphabetical order of author. For textual readability, leave a blank line after each reference.

    • one author

    Warren, J. (1997). A guide to quiltmaking. Melbourne: Thomas Nelson.

    • two or three authors

    Nicholson, D. and Norman, G. (1996). The world of golf. London: Harper Collins.

    • four or more authors

    Stomann, T. et. al. (1997). Media in the year 2000. Melbourne: Macmillan.

    • no author

    A student's guide to the internet. (1997). Ringwood: Penguin.

      • corporate author

      Australian Medical Association (1994). Preventative care of cancer. Sydney: Oxford.

      • editor

      Wohlgehagen, M. (ed.) (1993). Australian immigration policies. Sydney: McGraw-Hill.

      • newspaper

      Prior, D. (1998). The name of the game. The Age. 21, July, p 5.

        • periodicals (for journals and periodicals, the preferred order for references is:)
          • author's surname and initials. (full stop)
          • year in brackets. (full stop)
          • title of article. (full stop)
          • title of periodical, underlined or in italics. (full stop)
          • volume number, (comma)
          • page number. (full stop)

          Ellwood, W. (1998). Inside the Disney dream machine. New Internationalist. December, pp 7-11.

          • encyclopedia

          Nutrition. (1997). in: The World Book Encyclopedia. v.14, pp 362-368. Chicago: World Book Inc.

          • CD-ROM

          Dinosaurs. (1997). in: Encarta '97. [CD-ROM].Redmond, Wa.: Microsoft Corporation.

            • video recordings (television programs are identified as video recordings)

            Big Picture.2. Fatal attraction. (1998). London: BBC. [video:VHS].

              • internet (include the following, if available:)

                author's surname and initials; if no author treat as editor. (full stop)
                • year in brackets. (full stop)
                • title of article underlined or italics
                • Internet in square brackets. (full stop)
                • place of publication if possible: (colon)
                • publisher if possible. (full stop)
                • <Uniform Resource Locator>[download or access date]. (full stop)

                Mathew, P. (1998). The Harvard or author-date system [Internet]. Armidale: University of New England.< http://www.une.edu.au/dec/>[accessed 2 March, 1999].

                  • E-mail (include the following, if available:)
                    • sender's surname and initials. (full stop)
                    • sender’s E-mail address in brackets, (comma)
                    • day, (comma) month, (comma) year. (full stop)
                    • subject of message underlined. (full stop)
                    • recipient’s E-mail address in brackets. (full stop)

                    Smith, S. (smith@library.net.au), 14, April, 2000. Reading lists. (gandalf@edumail.vic.gov.au).


                    Bibliography prepared by

                    David Nicholson and Richenda Harrison


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